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Pacio, J.*; Van Tichelen, K.*; Eckert, S.*; Wondrak, T.*; Di Piazza, I.*; Lorusso, P.*; Tarantino, M.*; Daubner, M.*; Litfin, K.*; Ariyoshi, Gen; et al.
Nuclear Engineering and Design, 399, p.112010_1 - 112010_15, 2022/12
Times Cited Count：5 Percentile：84.97(Nuclear Science & Technology)Heavy-liquid metals (HLMs), such as lead and lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE), are proposed as primary coolants in accelerator driven systems and next-generation fast reactors. In Europe, the reference systems using HLMs are MYRRHA (LBE) and ALFRED (lead). This article presents an overview of recent experiences and ongoing activities on pool-type and loop-type HLM experiments. Pool tests include the measurement of forced- and natural-circulation flow patterns in several scenarios representative of nominal and decay heat removal conditions. Loop tests are focused on the evaluation of specific components, like mockups of the fuel assembly, control rod and heat exchangers. They involve the measurement of global variables, such as flow rate and pressure difference, and local quantities like temperature, velocity and vibrations. Advanced instrumentation, capable of sustaining high temperatures and corrosion, is necessary for accurate measurements, often in compact geometries. In addition to traditional techniques, other instrumentation based on optical fibers, ultrasonic and electromagnetic methods are discussed.
Futakawa, Masatoshi
IOP Conference Series; Materials Science and Engineering, 74(1), p.012001_1 - 012001_7, 2015/02
Times Cited Count：2 Percentile：65.6(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Innovative researches using neutrons are being performed at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility, MLF, at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex, J-PARC, in which a mercury target system is installed for MW-class pulse spallation neutron sources. The structural materials of the mercury target are subjected to irradiation damage due to protons and neutrons, very high cycle fatigue damages due to repeated pressure waves caused by the proton beam bombardment in mercury and so-called liquid metal embrittlement. That is, the structural materials must be said to be exposed to the extremely severe environments. In the paper, research and development relating to the material issues in the high power spallation neutron sources that has been performed so far at J-PARC is summarized.
Shimada, Michiya; Hirooka, Yoshihiko*
Nuclear Fusion, 54(12), p.122002_1 - 122002_7, 2014/12
Times Cited Count：37 Percentile：86.2(Physics, Fluids & Plasmas)Tungsten is considered to be the most promising material for divertor in a fusion reactor. Tungsten divertor can withstand the heat loads of ITER, but the heat loads of DEMO divertor is a challenge. Pulsive heat loads as those associated with disruption could melt tungsten targets. The surface would not be flat after subsequent resolidification, which would significantly deteriorate its heat handling capability. Furthermore, DBTT of tungsten is rather high: 
400
C, which would become even higher after neutron irradiation, possibly resulting in cracks in tungsten. Our proposal is to use liquid metal for the divertor target material and actively circulate it with 
force. A simplified analysis of mhd equation in a cylindrical geometry suggests that the engineering requirement is modest. This analysis suggests that this new divertor concept merits further investigation.
Futakawa, Masatoshi; Naoe, Takashi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Haga, Katsuhiro; Okita, Kohei*
Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 57, p.365 - 370, 2014/09
Times Cited Count：10 Percentile：46.63(Thermodynamics)A liquid mercury target system for a megawatt-class spallation neutron source is being developed in the world. Proton beam is injected to the mercury target to induce spallation reaction. The moment the proton beams bombard the target, pressure waves are generated in the mercury by the thermally shocked heat deposition. The pressure waves excite the mercury target vessel and negative pressure that may cause cavitation along the vessel wall. Gas-bubbles will be injected into the flowing mercury to mitigate the pressure waves and suppress the cavitation inception. The injected gas-bubbles conditions were examined and the effects were predicted experimentally and theoretically from the viewpoints of macroscopic time-scale and microscopic time-scale, i.e. in the former is dominant the interaction between the structural vibration and the pressure in mercury, and in the later is essential the pressure wave propagation process.
Riemer, B. W.*; Wendel, M. W.*; Felde, D. K.*; Sangrey, R. L.*; Abdou, A.*; West, D. L.*; Shea, T. J.*; Hasegawa, Shoichi; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Naoe, Takashi; et al.
Journal of Nuclear Materials, 450(1-3), p.192 - 203, 2014/07
Times Cited Count：14 Percentile：72.55(Materials Science, Multidisciplinary)Populations of small helium gas bubbles were introduced into a flowing mercury experiment test loop to evaluate mitigation of beam-pulse induced cavitation damage and pressure waves. The test loop was developed and thoroughly tested at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) prior to irradiations at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center - Weapons Neutron Research Center (LANSCE-WNR) facility. Twelve candidate bubblers were evaluated over a range of mercury flow and gas injection rates by use of a novel optical measurement technique that accurately assessed the generated bubble size distributions. Final selection for irradiation testing included two variations of a swirl bubbler provided by Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) collaborators and one orifice bubbler developed at SNS. Bubble populations of interest consisted of sizes up to 150 
m in radius with achieved gas void fractions in the 10
to 10
range. The nominal WNR beam pulse used for the experiment created energy deposition in the mercury comparable to SNS pulses operating at 2.5 MW. Nineteen test conditions were completed each with 100 pulses, including variations on mercury flow, gas injection and protons per pulse. The principal measure of cavitation damage mitigation was surface damage assessment on test specimens that were manually replaced for each test condition. Damage assessment was done after radiation decay and decontamination by optical and laser profiling microscopy with damaged area fraction and maximum pit depth being the more valued results. Damage was reduced by flow alone; the best mitigation from bubble injection was between half and a quarter that of flow alone. Other data collected included surface motion tracking by three laser Doppler vibrometers (LDV), loop wall dynamic strain, beam diagnostics for charge and beam profile assessment, embedded hydrophones and pressure sensors, and sound measurement by a suite of conventional and contact microphones.
Naoe, Takashi*; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Naito, Akira*; Ioka, Ikuo; Kogawa, Hiroyuki
Jikken Rikigaku, 5(1), p.15 - 21, 2005/03
no abstracts in English
Naoe, Takashi*; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Wakui, Takashi*; Kogawa, Hiroyuki
Nihon Kikai Gakkai Kanto Shibu Ibaraki Koenkai (2002) Koen Rombunshu, p.3 - 4, 2002/09
no abstracts in English
Yano, Sanae*; Kukita, Yutaka*; Tsuji, Yoshiyuki*; Shibamoto, Yasuteru
Proceedings of 3rd International Symposium on Advanced Energy Conversion Systems and Related Technologies (CD-ROM), 7 Pages, 2001/12
no abstracts in English
Ishikura, Shuichi*; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Kaminaga, Masanori; Hino, Ryutaro
JAERI-Tech 2000-069, 32 Pages, 2000/12
JAERI-Tech-2000-069.pdf:2.16MB
no abstracts in English
Nakayama, Oukatsu;
JNC TN9400 2000-087, 74 Pages, 2000/07
JNC-TN9400-2000-087.pdf:3.25MB
We have been developing an Ultrasound Doppler Velocimetry technique (UDV), in order to apply thermo-hydraulic measurement in sodium. A feasibility study had been conducted to identify development subjects of sensor and signal processing. Thus, high temperature ultrasonic transducers were manufactured to use in water and sodium tests, which will be scheduled to optimize an algorism of signal processing and to improve the characteristic of the transducer. ln this report, we described the results of an experiment on the acoustic characteristic of transducer in water. The results are as follows : (1)The ultrasound beam profile of the transducer relating to the characteristic of velocity profile measurement using scattering ultrasound wave was obtained. The estimation of ultrasound beam profile in liquid and an ultrasound near-field region were introduced from these experimental data, (2)lt was confirmed that the frequency's spectrum of transducers are adequate for the design requirement of flow velocity range. The specifications of a transmitter and receiver for a transducer were identified, such as the amplitude gain for scattered ultrasound signal and the frequency resolution for Doppler sift signal. (3)The spatial resolution of the ultrasound beam was estimated to evaluate the accuracy of now profile measurement on UDV system.
Nibe, Nobuaki; Shimakawa, Yoshio; ; Hayafune, Hiroki; ; ;
JNC TN9400 2000-074, 388 Pages, 2000/06
JNC-TN9400-2000-074.pdf:13.32MB
Large sized sodium-cooled fast breeder reactors of large-size are being studied and have been operated in Japan and many countries. ln this feasibility study, evaluation was made on technical feasibinty for design concepts or 1 loop type and 3 pool types, specially from the viewpoint of improvement of economical competence. The design concepts include the ideas of cost reduction measures such as large-scaled components, reduction of loop number and integration of components on the basic of utilization of sodium characteristics. From the results of the evaluation, it may be possible for all the concepts to attain the economical target of 200 thousands yen per kilowatt, though further confirmation should be made for technical feasibility of those concepts. ln addition, the following items were listed up as further cost-reduction measures. (1)Higher temperature cooling system and steam cycle efficiency (2)Shortening of construction term (3)Reduction of safety systems by using measuring instruments with high performmce (4)Adoption of SG-ACS
; Yamaguchi, Akira
JNC TN9400 2000-056, 150 Pages, 2000/05
JNC-TN9400-2000-056.pdf:6.67MB
[Purpose] The work was performed to make clear thermal-hydraulic issues resulting in the use of various coolants for fast reactors. [Method] Plant design features due to a use of working fluid other than sodium and design concepts relating a simplification of safety related systems were investigated. And based on the results, quantitative evaluation was made on the topical themal-hydraulic issues. Then both thermal stratification and striping phenomena were evaluated by the used of thermo-hydraulics computer programs. [Results] (1)Thermal-hydraulic issues Topical thermal-hydraulic issues of gaseous and heavy metal cooled reactors were extracted. (a)Gas cooled reactors : natural circulation,flow-induced vibration, depressurization accident (b)Heavy metal cooled reactors : thermal stratification, flow-induced vibration, sloshing And also the thermal-hydraulic issues relating compact reactor assembly and RVACS were extracted resulting from a simplification of safety related systems. (2)Evaluation of thermal stratification and striping phenomena. The following order of affects for the phenomena was obtained: (a) Thermal stratification: CO
Sodium Lead, (b) Thermal Striping: CO Lead Sodium
; ; Saikawa, Takuya*; Sukegawa, Kazuya*
JNC TN9410 2000-008, 66 Pages, 2000/03
JNC-TN9410-2000-008.pdf:1.39MB
The experimental fast reactor "JOYO" served as the MK-II irradiation bed core for testing fuel and material for FBR development for 15 years from 1982 to 1997. During the MK-II operation, impurities concentrations in the sodium and the argon gas were determined by 67 samples of primary sodium, 81 samples of secondary sodium, 75 samples of primary argon gas, 89 samples of secondary argon gas (the overflow tank) and 89 samples of secondary argon gas (the dump tank). The sodium and the argon gas purity control data were accumulated from in thirty-one duty operations, thirteen special test operations and eight annual inspections. These purity control results and related plant data were compiled into database, which were recorded on CD-ROM for user convenience. Purity control data include concentration of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, chlorine, iron, nickel and chromium in sodium, concentration of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and helium in argon gas with the reactor condition.
;
JNC TN9400 2000-034, 48 Pages, 2000/03
JNC-TN9400-2000-034.pdf:1.56MB
The study and the development to put FBR (Fast Breeder Reactor) to practical use have been doing. So many kinds of technologies are investigated to construct nuclear fuel recycle received to the society. The most important aim of reprocessing has been to extract U and Pu from spent fuels effectively, but, now, the demands for reprocessing are many kinds on nuclear fuel recycle system's construction. These need to be accepted sufficiently. The system that consists of electrolysis, extraction, with molten salt and melting metal, volatilization and condensation using the difference of vapor pressure is suggested, because, differently from LWR (Light Water Reactor), FBR can use the low decontamination factor's fuel. When the engineering scale plant is designed, the dry reprocessing has unsolved problems(ex. process flow) because of less demonstrative scale plants of the dry reprocessing than ones of the wet reprocessing. So the analysis and the estimation of mass balance that is most fundamental in the dry reprocessing system's design need to keep up with the system's alteration (to add new processes etc.) flexibly. This study aim is to develop the mass balance estimation code of dry reprocessing that satisfies the demand mentioned above.
Ishikura, Shuichi*; Kogawa, Hiroyuki; Teshigawara, Makoto; Kikuchi, Kenji; Futakawa, Masatoshi; Kaminaga, Masanori; Hino, Ryutaro
JAERI-Tech 2000-008, p.80 - 0, 2000/02
JAERI-Tech-2000-008.pdf:3.19MB
no abstracts in English
Tokuhiro, Akira; Kimura, Nobuyuki
JNC TN9400 2000-015, 26 Pages, 1999/09
JNC-TN9400-2000-015.pdf:1.43MB
The quantification of the rate-of-rise of the thermal stratification interface, a "thin" vertical zone where the temperature gradient is the steepest, is important in assessing the potential implications of thermally-induced stress problems in liquid-metal cooled reactors. Thermal stratification can likewise occur in confined volumes containing ordinary fluids (Pr
1), where there is an input of thermal convective energy. In the prominent case of liquid metal reactors, there have been many studies on quantifying the rate-of-rise of a defined stratification interface, in terms of one or more of the following dimensionless groups, mainly: Richardson (Ri), Reynolds (Re), Grashof (Gr), Rayleigh (Ra) and/or Froude (Fr) numbers. Stratification is also a transient process in the volume in question. In the present work the anthors presents a derivation based on order-of-magnitude analysis (OMA), including an sensible energy balance, that produces a new representation more consistent than p
Ohshima, Hiroyuki; Sakai, Takaaki; ; Yamaguchi, Akira; Nishi, Yoshihisa*; Ueda, Nobuyuki*; *
JNC TN9400 2000-077, 223 Pages, 1999/05
JNC-TN9400-2000-077.pdf:6.24MB
The feasibility study (Phase l) is being carried out at JNC to build up new design concepts of practical fast reactors (FRs) from the viewpoint of economy, safety, effective use of resources, reduction of environmental burden and non-proliferation. This report describes the results of the investigation, related to decay heat removal, core/fuel-assembly thermal-hydraulics and thermal-hydraulic correlations, that was performed in fiscal l999 as a part of the feasibility study. ln the study of the decay heat removal, the effects of several design parameters on the performance of the reactor vessel auxiliary cooling system (RVACS) in a middle-scale sodium-cooled FR were clarified by using a plant dynamic analysis code. The upper limit of RVACS performance was preliminarily estimated at approximately 0.50.6 MWe. Numerical methods for the plant dynamic analysis of gas-and heavy-metal-cooled FRs were also developed. They were applied to the preliminary calculations of the transition from scram to natural circulation and the transient characteristics in tentative plant design concepts were clarified. ln addition, a dimensionless number indicating natural circulation performance was deduced for the comparison of several plant design concepts. With respect to the core/fuel-assembly thermal-hydraulics, numerical analysis methods were improved for the pin-type fuel assembly of gas-and heavy-metal-cooled FRs, the coated-particle- type fuel assembly of helium-gas-cooled FR, and the ductless core of sodium-and heavy-metal-cooled FRs. As preliminary evaluations, thermal-hydraulics in the heavy-metal-cooled FR fuel assembly was compared with sodium-cooled one and thermal-hydraulic analyses of carbon-dioxide- and helium-gas-cooled FR fuel assemblies were performed. The analysis for the fuel assembly with inside duct of sodium-cooled FR was also carried out. The correlations of pressure loss and heat transfer coefficient were investigated for the thermal-hydraulic ...
Ando, Masaki; Okajima, Shigeaki; Oigawa, Hiroyuki; Iijima, Susumu
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 36(4), p.386 - 388, 1999/04
Times Cited Count：1 Percentile：13.15(Nuclear Science & Technology)no abstracts in English
Morinaga, Masahiko*; *; *
PNC TJ9603 98-002, 48 Pages, 1998/03
[PURPOSE]Both the Nb-based and Mo-based alloys have been designed and developed in order to establish the frontier technique for super-heat-resisting materials used in the liquid alkali metal environment at high temperatures. In this study, mechanical properties of the designed Nb-1Hf alloy were experimentally evaluated. In addition, the brittleness of Nb-based alloys observed at 1073K were discussed. Moreover, characteristics of both the designed Nb-based and the Mo-based alloys were summarized in a consistent way. [EXPERIMENTAL METHODS] (1)Tensile test : The tensile test was performed at room temperature and 1473K in an Ar gas atmosphere for the designed Nb-1Hf alloy and also for commercial Nb-1Zr alloy. (2)High temperature creep test:The creep test of the designed Nb-1Hf alloy was carried out at 1473K in an Ar gas atmosphere under several applied stress levels. (3)TEM observation : The TEM observation was performed with the creep specimens tested at both 1073K and 1273K in order to get information for the 1073K brittleness of the Nb-1Zr alloy. [RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS] (1)Tensile test : The tensile stress and the proof stress of the designed Nb-1Hf alloy were slightly lower than those of commercial Nb-1Zr alloy at room tempetarure. But the alloy was superior in the elongation to the Nb-1Zr alloy. High temperature tensile properties were not able to be evaluated properly because of the large grain size of the specimens. (2)High temperature creep test : The Nb-1Hf alloy was superior in the ereep resistance to other solid solution hardened Nb-based alloys. (3)TEM observation : A modulated structure with about 1nm preiod was observed in the specimen which was brittle at 1073K. This was supposed to cause the 1073K brittleness of the Nb-1Zr alloy. [CONCLUSION] The tensile strength of the designed Nb-1Hf alloy was slightly lower at room temperature than that of the commercial Nb-1Zr alloy. But, the designed alloy was superior in high temperature creep properties to any
